THE ENVIRONMENT IMPACT OF ARMED CONFLICTS: CHALLENGES AND LEGAL RESPONSES UNDER INTERNATIONAL HUMANITARIAN LAW
AUTHOR – J.H. AJANRAMANA, LL.M (INTERNATIONAL LAW) SCHOLAR AT TAMIL NADU DR.AMBEDKAR LAW UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF EXCELLENCE IN LAW
BEST CITATION – J.H. AJANRAMANA, THE ENVIRONMENT IMPACT OF ARMED CONFLICTS: CHALLENGES AND LEGAL RESPONSES UNDER INTERNATIONAL HUMANITARIAN LAW, ILE MULTIDISCIPLINARY JOURNAL, 4 (1) OF 2025, PG. 556-570, APIS – 3920-0007 | ISSN – 2583-7230
Abstract
The armed conflict has far-reaching consequences, extending beyond human suffering to inflict devastating environmental damage and disrupt ecosystems. Long-term ecological harm, deforestation, soil degradation, water pollution, and biodiversity loss are all dire outcomes, despite the existence of frameworks like the Additional Protocol to the Geneva Convention and the Environmental Modification Convention (ENMOD). Enforcement, however, remains a significant challenge due to complex political dynamics and limitations in accountability mechanisms. This research article delves into the environmental impact of warfare and assesses the adequacy of existing legal instruments under International Humanitarian Law (IHL). It examines how armed conflicts contribute to environmental destruction and evaluates the effectiveness of international treaties and customary laws in mitigating such damage. Furthermore, the study highlights the crucial role of international organizations, including the United Nations and the International Committee of the Red Cross, in advocating for enhanced environmental protection during armed conflicts. The research paper also discusses the challenges faced in enforcing environmental protection laws in war zones, including the lack of monitoring mechanisms, state sovereignty issues, and difficulties in holding violators accountable. Additionally, it explores potential legal and policy reforms to strengthen environmental safeguards in conflict situations. Through the analysis of past and present case studies, this study underscores the urgent need for more robust legal measures and international cooperation to prevent and mitigate the environmental consequences of war.
Key words: Armed Conflicts- Environmental Impact- Ecological Harm- International Humanitarian Law (IHL)